Personality Traits Example

Character Traits Example Character Traits †Coursework Example 4 December Personality Traits My choice of attributes presents a good picture ofmy character thus does that of the three understudies who distinguished my character characteristics. Truth be told, the entirety of the three understudies have distinguished more constructive attributes as a part of my character than I myself have. They have not distinguished a solitary antagonistic characteristic as a part of my character though I have recognized many. Every one of them has recognized twenty positive characteristics in me though I have distinguished seventeen. Conscious is the best character characteristic in me dependent on all the evaluations. Modest is the most contrary quality as a part of my character dependent on all the appraisals. This kind of assessment of character isn't a target methods for evaluation of an individual’s qualities. The assessing understudies might be impacted by bunch think. Regardless of whether they are approached to assess freely, they may not recogn ize similar qualities in me on the off chance that they are approached to make the assessment at two distinct occasions. Their assessment of my character characteristics is especially impacted by their most recent association with me. Individuals will in general overlook the past and more recall the most recent conduct of a person. Notwithstanding that, individuals frequently make one-sided assessments about a person that is either identified with them or has been a companion or foe to them previously. Be that as it may, when a character quality is distinguished by three unique individuals in a similar individual, it implies that the individual can be trusted to have that. Notwithstanding, such an assessment ought to be confirmed by requesting that similar respondents grade a similar individual at various occasions.

Trade Reform, Adjustment, and Growth

Exchange Reform, Adjustment, and Growth The Focus of the Article Economic experts thoroughly analyze the monetary development of one country with another with the target of determining conceivable clarification of their differentiating development execution and apply the powerful discoveries as proposals to the creating nations. The differentiating variable that the examiners have recognized is the â€Å"openness to the global trade† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1547).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Trade Reform, Adjustment, and Growth explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is certain connection between's the open exchange and the financial development as observationally exhibited in the created nations. This finding has activated exchange changes the creating nations with the World Bank starting and supporting the exchange changes through its Structural Adjustment Program. The political will is fundamental for appropriate execution of the approaches in exchange changes given t he basis that â€Å"†¦there gives off an impression of being long haul relationship among execution and transparency and on the off chance that an economy is directly moderately shut, at that point progression is an important scaffold to turning out to be more open† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1547). Henceforth, one of the essential variables to receptiveness is the progression of the exchange. Diverse monetary experts have utilized various techniques and models to explain the effect of exchange advancement to the development of the economy. The greatest test is the recognizable proof of the exact model that will give strong proof since advancement is dubious in the perspective on monetary and exchange changes. The financial experts can utilize one or different methodologies in the distinguishing proof of the exchange advancement. Arrangement accounts is the fundamental proportion of distinguishing freedom regarding the approaches yet it has a misfortune of poor execution of strategies in this manner require the back up from different measures. A relative value change is another measure that has a unit of exchange system predisposition, which can substitute exchange progression with time. The yield based measure is exceptionally wide and can incorporate progressively pointless markers. Numerous monetary examiners have neglected to introduce the unmistakable elements of the advancement on the grounds that â€Å"†¦there are no straight forward markers of progression. For these explanation various investigators have utilized different rules to distinguish freedom scenes, some predictably some judgmentally† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1550).The utilization of numerous measures approach gives an away from of the advancement multifaceted design. The Evidence The observational confirmations have demonstrated that the monetary development relies upon the progression, fares, and exchange direction. On account of progression, the appraisal and assess ment has been drawn nearer in two different ways, in the midst of difficulties, for example, previous approaches, other arrangement shifts, and the idea of the economy. Crosscountry is the primary methodology that has been utilized by the entomb alia World Bank and has two parts of appraisal: ‘with-without’ and ‘before-after.’Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assessment utilizing ‘with-without’ involves taking of case and control investigations of an example of nations and doing relative examinations to find out whether there is essentialness distinction in financial development accordingly crediting to the exchange changes. ‘Before-after’ appraisal is like the ‘with-without’ aside from that it has a scope of time as far as years when evaluation. Time arrangement is the second methodology that utilize s monetary parameters, for example, basic modification advances, speculation, and fares in the investigation of freedom. These investigations have affirmed that, â€Å"liberalization is a panacea; its outcome into a progressively quick development of fares, increasingly fast development of genuine GDP †¦without genuine transitional expenses in joblessness, and †¦without noteworthy impacts on the government’s financial position† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1552). The equivocalness of the relationship between's exchange changes and monetary development challenge the above end that the freedom is a panacea of financial development. The irregularity and equivocalness of the outcomes demonstrating relationship of exchange changes and financial development can be credited to the over driven program configuration, low gracefully versatility, and poor execution of the program and the utilization of differed measures and models. To locate the reliable and powerful outco mes, differed proportions of progression, enormous example of nations and a standard center development model was utilized. The outcomes got show that â€Å"the development improving impacts of advancement are probably not going to be immediate: an away from of a J bend impact which is steady across tests and proportions of liberalization† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1558). For the financial development to be exponentially critical, it requires a drawn out time of years. The Implications The investigations of exchange changes and financial development have experimentally demonstrated that progression and transparency have long haul huge effect on the development of the economy. The ID of elements that comprises progression and appraisal of advancement sway on the monetary development has been so questionable and uncertain. The vagueness and discussion was because of the conflicting outcomes from various monetary investigators that made it hard to give decisive outcomes. The irr egularity of the outcomes was ascribed to the varying measures and models of assessing and surveying progression. This investigation got strong and steady outcomes since it used variable advancement measures and standard center development model. The investigation have convincingly indicated that the exchange approaches and changes fundamental for monetary development are unpredictably connected to the receptiveness, progression and other puzzling variables, for example, correspondence, innovation and transportation. Greenaway, David, Wyn Morgan and Peter, Wright. â€Å"Trade Reform, Adjustment andAdvertising We will compose a custom report test on Trade Reform, Adjustment, and Growth explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Growth: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?† The Economic Journal 108 (1998): 1547-1561

Welcome to The Meister Team Felix, Maria and Sandra! - Focus

Welcome to The Meister Team Felix, Maria and Sandra! - Focus Haven’t heard from us in a while? That’s because we’ve been very busy adding to our growing team. On that note, we’d like to formally welcome Felix, Maria and Sandra. They’ll be utilizing their expertise in the QA, Software Development and Growth departments. “Great things in business are never done by one person. They’re done by a team of people.” â€" Steve Jobs Felix Kiss â€" Backend Developer My Background I knew I wanted to become a software developer ever since I was 12 years old. That was when I first started learning about HTML/CSS/JS, PHP and a little bit of C, mainly through the internet and books. I attended a technical high school that focused on IT, and then obtained my Bachelors Degree in Software Engineering from the University of Applied Sciences in Vienna. My professional experience varied over the years â€" I’ve worked as a freelancer, I worked for a few small consultancy firms; I also co-founded a company that developed a web application for private medical practices, where I was responsible for the REST API as lead backend developer. After four years, I decided that it was time for a change of scenery, so I joined the backend team at Meister! My Role at Meister As a backend developer at Meister, I’ll be responsible for making improvements to systems that are currently used by both products and by all users, such as user/team management and billing. This involves a lot of backend development with the occasional bit of frontend. About Me Im a huge fan of hockey, gaming and software development. In an effort to combine my three favorite things, I’m a system administrator for the European EA Sports competitive NHL Series. I participate in tournaments in a team of six. I appreciate word play (every pun is a good pun) and clever humour. Aside from that, I enjoy listening to podcasts and goofing around with my best friend. Maria Cygan â€" QA My Background I actually got into IT in a bit of a roundabout way. I have a degree in Linguistics from the   University of Warsaw, but my career started off behind a service desk in my hometown, Lódz. After that, I worked as a technical writer at Fujitsu RD and then made the switch to QA. I just recently moved to Vienna to further my career, and that’s when I joined the QA team at Meister. My Role at Meister I started at MindMeister in May as a quality assurance officer. My job is to make sure that MindMeister remains a fun tool to use and is completely bug-free. I do this by performing manual tests as well as updating and designing new test cases. I’m also looking into finding new testing tools and methods. About Me You can nearly always find me reading something. My favorite genres are fantasy and science fiction, but I won’t say no to a good crime story, or learning more about history, archeology, paleontology and linguistics. When my nose isn’t in a book, you can find me cross-stitching or playing RPGs (computer as well as pen and paper ones) and board games. Sandra Merkel â€" Data Analyst   My Background I come from Leipzig, Germany. I studied International Business in Dresden and spent time in St. Petersburg, Nice and Vienna. After completing my studies, I started working in online marketing and that took me to Berlin. Soon after my arrival, I accidentally became a “data person” (this is probably because data is on the rise everywhere). This is when I discovered that python can be more than a snake and that some cookies cannot be eaten. After five years in Berlin, I heard Vienna calling and now here I am.. My Role at Meister As a data analyst at Meister, I will focus on gathering, blending and displaying data to empower other team members to make good decisions. My main focus will be to first build up the business intelligence area at Meister. I’ll be working closely within the growth team to create a centralized knowledge base that will house all data, from several sources, in one place. In addition, I will try to bridge the gap between marketing and tech. My role will also be to understand the user journey. About Me I like good food and drinks with friends. I’ve always been into sports and have done a variety of different things, like Taekwon-Do and ballroom dance. I recently discovered CrossFit, the perfect sport for anyone seeking to have a near-death experience. Anyone keen to join? Welcome to The Meister Team Felix, Maria and Sandra! - Focus Haven’t heard from us in a while? That’s because we’ve been very busy adding to our growing team. On that note, we’d like to formally welcome Felix, Maria and Sandra. They’ll be utilizing their expertise in the QA, Software Development and Growth departments. “Great things in business are never done by one person. They’re done by a team of people.” â€" Steve Jobs Felix Kiss â€" Backend Developer My Background I knew I wanted to become a software developer ever since I was 12 years old. That was when I first started learning about HTML/CSS/JS, PHP and a little bit of C, mainly through the internet and books. I attended a technical high school that focused on IT, and then obtained my Bachelors Degree in Software Engineering from the University of Applied Sciences in Vienna. My professional experience varied over the years â€" I’ve worked as a freelancer, I worked for a few small consultancy firms; I also co-founded a company that developed a web application for private medical practices, where I was responsible for the REST API as lead backend developer. After four years, I decided that it was time for a change of scenery, so I joined the backend team at Meister! My Role at Meister As a backend developer at Meister, I’ll be responsible for making improvements to systems that are currently used by both products and by all users, such as user/team management and billing. This involves a lot of backend development with the occasional bit of frontend. About Me Im a huge fan of hockey, gaming and software development. In an effort to combine my three favorite things, I’m a system administrator for the European EA Sports competitive NHL Series. I participate in tournaments in a team of six. I appreciate word play (every pun is a good pun) and clever humour. Aside from that, I enjoy listening to podcasts and goofing around with my best friend. Maria Cygan â€" QA My Background I actually got into IT in a bit of a roundabout way. I have a degree in Linguistics from the   University of Warsaw, but my career started off behind a service desk in my hometown, Lódz. After that, I worked as a technical writer at Fujitsu RD and then made the switch to QA. I just recently moved to Vienna to further my career, and that’s when I joined the QA team at Meister. My Role at Meister I started at MindMeister in May as a quality assurance officer. My job is to make sure that MindMeister remains a fun tool to use and is completely bug-free. I do this by performing manual tests as well as updating and designing new test cases. I’m also looking into finding new testing tools and methods. About Me You can nearly always find me reading something. My favorite genres are fantasy and science fiction, but I won’t say no to a good crime story, or learning more about history, archeology, paleontology and linguistics. When my nose isn’t in a book, you can find me cross-stitching or playing RPGs (computer as well as pen and paper ones) and board games. Sandra Merkel â€" Data Analyst   My Background I come from Leipzig, Germany. I studied International Business in Dresden and spent time in St. Petersburg, Nice and Vienna. After completing my studies, I started working in online marketing and that took me to Berlin. Soon after my arrival, I accidentally became a “data person” (this is probably because data is on the rise everywhere). This is when I discovered that python can be more than a snake and that some cookies cannot be eaten. After five years in Berlin, I heard Vienna calling and now here I am.. My Role at Meister As a data analyst at Meister, I will focus on gathering, blending and displaying data to empower other team members to make good decisions. My main focus will be to first build up the business intelligence area at Meister. I’ll be working closely within the growth team to create a centralized knowledge base that will house all data, from several sources, in one place. In addition, I will try to bridge the gap between marketing and tech. My role will also be to understand the user journey. About Me I like good food and drinks with friends. I’ve always been into sports and have done a variety of different things, like Taekwon-Do and ballroom dance. I recently discovered CrossFit, the perfect sport for anyone seeking to have a near-death experience. Anyone keen to join?

The Struggle Of The Civil Rights Movement - 1339 Words

The Civil Rights Movement is one of the most influential events from all of America’s history. This fight started long before the ‘60s and has continued long after. All minority groups will face the struggle for rights at some time. This movement just happened to be for the African Americans in the 1960s. During this era, there were several leaders and events that experienced success in their endeavors to get rid of segregation and create equal opportunities for all. One of the most famous leaders from this time period started out as the son of a Baptist preacher in Nebraska. However, this boy soon became fatherless after moving to Michigan. This boy, that grew up to play a significant role in the movement, was Malcolm Little or better known as Malcolm X. He experienced hardships and oppression starting at a young age because of the prejudiced and racist environment that existed at the time. On May 19, 1925, Malcolm Little was born in Omaha; however, even before he turned 4, his family moved several times due to death threats from the Black Legions, a group similar to the Ku Klux Klan. By the time Malcolm was 6 years old, the Little family had experienced their house burning down and their father die. While both were declared accidents, most believe it to be the works of the Black Legion. After his eighth grade year, Malcolm decided to drop out of school. Soon after, he became involved in the crime life, wearing zoot suits and adopting the nickname â€Å"Detroit Red.† In 1946,Show MoreRelatedThe Struggle For Civil Rights Movement906 Words   |  4 Pagesfor their fights as citizens down to the present.† (423) John Dittmer’s Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi uncovers the origins of black suffrage within the state and continues through the historic Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s in America. While many books have been written on this topic, Local People tells a different story. Rather than focusing on the national movement and its personalities, Dittmer chooses to emphasis the importance and sacrifices of the localRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The African American Freedom Struggle Essay1913 Words   |  8 PagesRevolution only shows half of what the Civil Rights Movement is about. This documentary fai ls to show the Armed resistance aspect of the African American Freedom struggle. As the documentary shows the nonviolent part of the Civil Rights Movement it leaves out how important the role of armed resistance was in the African American freedom struggle. It unsuccessfully shows how armed resistance made the Civil Rights Movement possible and protected many civil rights leaders such a Martin Luther King. SoundtrackRead MoreStruggle for Black Americans: Civil Rights Movement Essay2552 Words   |  11 PagesThe Hundred year struggle for Black Americans would begin during Reconstruction, long before the civil rights movement would be headlining in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The struggle would not just be for freedom but also in terms of education and employment from the police brutality and general day to day discrimination. This abuse would compel individuals, such as the more famous Black civil rights leaders to launch efforts to assert their constitutional rights and improve their standing in society;Read MoreThe Role Of Civil Disobedience And The Civil Rights Movement1503 Words   |  7 Pagesinjustices. Ranging from peaceful marches to powerful acts of civil disobedience, not only in the United States but in Central American countries such as Nicaragua. This being said, civil protests and peaceful demonstrations were not necessarily more successful in exuding change than pieces of legislation but moreso acted as a catalyst for social change, leading towards legislation that would positively impact those who protested. The concept of civil disobedience and peaceful demonstration acting as a catalystRead MoreAnalysis Of Bloody Lowndes1569 Words   |  7 PagesJefferies The Civil Rights Struggle Markà © C. Wrisborne AFTS/ HIST 3390: The Modern Civil Rights Movement Dr. Michael Williams November 13, 2017 Bloody Lowndes was written by a historian named Hassan Kwame Jefferies. The book details the African American struggles faced in the fight for freedom in the rural area of Lowndes County, during the1960’s. He examines different activist groups, the leaders within those groups, and their impact/ role played on the Civil Rights MovementRead MoreAfrican Americans Need To Understand â€Å"The Necessity, As1562 Words   |  7 Pagesamong civil rights historians, which creates and reinforces a lack of detachment that has characterized the civil rights scholarship since its inception. While Eagles acknowledges that the activist standpoint is not likely to disappear in the near future, his call for more objectivity in how historians of the civil rights movement conduct their research has not received the attention it deserves. In the article, which was released five years before Jacqueline Dowd Hall’s call for a long civil rightsRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination in Ame rica Today Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthe color of a persons skin is irrelevant, racism still exists and will forever exist in America. It is a never-ending phenomenon that is ingrained in American life. Racism is America, just as America is built around the idea of racism. As the civil rights activist and scholar Derrick Bell would say, Racism is an integral, permanent, and indestructible component of this society. He proclaims that no matter what blacks do to better their status, they are doomed to fail as long as the majority ofRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement By Charles W. Eagles780 Words   |  4 Pages Ten years after Fairclough article, another author continues the discussion of historians and their attempt to analysis the civil rights movement. Charles W. Eagles’ article â€Å"Toward New Histories of the Civil Rights Era† provides further supporting evidence that scholars fail to analyze the movement to its fullest potential. Eagles util izes diplomatic historian John Lewis Gaddis analogy of historians studying the cold car. According to Gaddis, cold war scholars â€Å"reflected the contemporaneousRead MoreNaacp1094 Words   |  5 PagesNAACP The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. It has been made up of many movements, though it is often used to refer to the struggles between 1945 and 1970 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the U.S. South. It focuses on that particular struggle, rather than the comparable movements to end discrimination against otherRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1168 Words   |  5 PagesLuther King Jr. delivered to the Christian Action Group on December 7, 1964, he discusses the positive gains that have been achieved by the civil rights movement. In this speech King provided his audience with several facts on how the people have came a long way from where they began and that the civil rights movement has made a great progress in its struggle for equal treatment under the law. In King s speech, he begins by claiming that they have come a long way from where they began. As he starts

The Rescuers And Aid For Jews During The Holocaust

In studying the rescuers and aid to Jews during the Holocaust, there are few, if any, factors that prove to universally explain why people decided to help. These people defied most demographics; class, country, religion, and even included anti-Semites, though economic and practical determinations were involved so much as one’s ability to help is determined by economic/practical restraints. Even so, most, if not all, of these people did have the propensity for helping and service to other prior to helping Jews of the Holocaust. Nechama Tec and later Perry Lendon found this to be true, showing that in these people was an instinct to help, regardless of their feelings towards Jews. This characteristic coincided with independent, self-reliant people who felt less attached to social demands and saw helping as a fact rather than heroic act. While these characterize individuals, the level at which specific countries were willing to help Jews did differ. Denmark and Bulgaria helped mo re than countries like Romania. In Denmark, there were a smaller amount of Jews and most were already assimilated into society before the Nazis came in. This allowed them to easily blend and hid within Denmark, and eventually Jews were helped to escape in 1943 as the Nazi encroached into Denmark. Hungary, on the other hand, held intense anti-Semitic views, but chose to help Jews (somewhat) because they did not believe in the methodology used by the Nazis against Jews. Hungary refused deportationsShow MoreRelatedRighteous Gentiles1026 Words   |  5 Pagesthose non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. The title is used informally as referring to anyone considered to be a savior of Jews, but it has an official role in the Israeli program of Holocaust remembrance, administered by Yad Vashem. The criteria established by Yad Vashem include the following: — â€Å"The rescuer ensured the survival of a Jew or Jews by extending aid to them when they were in danger of being killed or sent to a concentration camp; — The rescuer knew thatRead MoreMarion Hid A Unique Individual1078 Words   |  5 Pagesstory. She was tasked with hiding a Jewish male ballerina named Karel Poons. During the holocaust Germans would come raid houses to see if they were hiding anyone. The Germans would come at night because they had figured out that they could look and if there were more beds slept in than there were people they would know they were hiding a Jew. So the rescuers combated this by putting a Jew in the same bed with one of the rescuers. Karel was gay, which made him even more of a target for the Germans. HeRead MoreThe First Anti Semitic Act Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe first anti-Semitic act was after Jesus was put to death by Roman authorities. However, the gospel accounts were interpreted as blaming all Jews for the crucifixion. After the crucifixion, Roman armies destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem. Jewish people were exiled an d looked as agents of the devil and murderers of God. Jewish people were being dehumanized by being restricted from owning land and having occupations because of state and church laws. In the 1900’s, another lie was presented that JewishRead More When Light Pierced the Darkness by Nechama Tec Essay3070 Words   |  13 Pages(American 99). In her book entitled When Light Pierced the Darkness, Nechama Tec asserts that people who aided Jews during the Nazi Holocaust may have acted altruistically; however, they did so under a modified definition of altruism. Furthermore, she offers her own definition of altruism within the context of the Holocaust and designates six traits, which she found rescuers of Jews to exhibit. While many of these traits are apparent in the personalities of characters in the films: Shop on MainRead MorePinchas Tibor Rosenbaum: Holocaust Hero 2659 Words   |  11 PagesRosenbaum whose individual heroic actions during the Holocaust resulted in the legac y of the lives of approximately a thousand Jews and a pattern of humanity for generations to come. Just prior to World War II, persecution of the Jews began with changes in civil law, which increasingly restricted their opportunities and participation in society. According to Marion A. Kaplan, author of Between Dignity and Despair, Nazi-controlled governments confiscated Jews’ â€Å"personal property and limited food and

Linear Thermal Expansion Free Essays

The term thermal expansion refers to the increase in size of an object as that object is heated. With relatively few exceptions, all objects expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. Perhaps the most important exception to this rule is water. We will write a custom essay sample on Linear Thermal Expansion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Water contracts as it cools from its boiling point to about 39. 2Â °F (4Â °C). At that point, it begins to expand as it cools further to its freezing point. This unusual effect explains the fact that ice is less dense than water.Different materials expand or contract at different rates. In general, gases expand more than liquids, and liquids expand more than solids. When an object is heated or cooled, it expands or contracts in all dimensions. However, for practical reasons, scientists and engineers often focus on two different kinds of expansion, or expansivity: linear expansivity (expansion in one direction only) and volume expansivity (expansion in all three dimensions). The amount by which any given material Joints such as this one are used in bridges to accommodate thermal expansion.Objective To determinate the average coefficient of linear Expansion of the copper rod. Theory: Solids Expand as they are heated and contract if they are cooled. Thus their length is function of temperature. Thus , when the temperature of an object is increased by ? T, its Length L initial increases by ? L. Apparatus: – Dial Gauge – Thermometer – Cu rod – Rubber tube – Boiler – Hot plate Method * Measure the initial length of Copper rod, with a meter stick at room temperature. * Adjust the micrometer dial at zero. Insert the thermometer in the top of the copper rod and record its reading at room temperature. * Start heating the water by switching in the electric hot plate to maximum and wait until the steam is generated from the water boiler. When the rod reaches a constant uniform temperature, measure the corresponding change in the length ? l. * Switch off the hot plate and immediately record ? l (on the dial micrometer) and the temperature measure T ( on the thermometer ) upon cooling. How to cite Linear Thermal Expansion, Papers

Novel Regulators of Mitochondrial And Cellular Iron Homeostasis

Questions: Q1, Discuss role of energy in the body Provide definitions of the phrases: anabolism; catabolism metabolism Discuss the role of energy in the body (why does body need energy? Talk about MRSGREN) Describe how energy is produced in mitochondria. Q2, Analyse how two body systems interrelate to perform a named function / functions Roles of cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems o Analyse the functions of cardiovascular system (transport of gases; nutrients proteins; fats glucose); respiratory (gases exchange O2/CO2) and digestive system (producing glucose). Explain how glucose and oxygen is transferred to mitochondria when energy is produced. Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + carbon dioxide + water H12C6O6 + 6O2 = 36 ATP +6 CO2 +6 H2O Analyse the equation Q3 Discuss the problem homeostatic responses to changes in the internal environment during exercise Definition of homeostatic Internal environment Concept of negative feedback as regulatory mechanism Homeostatic mechanisms for regulations of 1. Heart rate: roles of internal receptors, autonomic nervous system sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply, cardiac centre, sinoatrial node; effective of increased body temperature and adrenaline of heart rate 2. Breathing rate: role of internal receptors, autonomic nervous system sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply, respiratory centre, diaphragm and intercostal muscle 3. Body temperature: production of heart by the body, e.g. through metabolic processes; loss of heart by the body radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation; role of hypothalamus, autonomic nervous system sympathetic and parasympathetic, skin role of arterioles and sweat glands; effective of shivering; implication of surface area to volume ratio, e.g. in care of babies; fever 4. Blood glucose levels: roles of pancreas, liver, insulin, glucagon, Discuss the role of insulin glucagon in balancing glucose level in human body. Q4 Evaluate the importance of homeostatic in maintaining the healthy functioning of the body. What happens if heart rate; breathing rate; body temperature and glucose level go up and down for long period of time Evaluate different diseases (e.g. heart disease; lung diseases or diabetes as part of imbalance of homeostatic mechanisms) Answers: 1: Role of Energy in the Body Anabolism Anabolism is a set of metabolic procedures, which are involved in constructing the larger molecules from the smaller units of molecules. All the anabolism mechanisms require energy for producing bonds between the smaller molecules. The anabolic reactions are powered by the energy gained from the hydrolysis of ATP[1]. In human and other living organisms body, these types of reactions tend to build up organs or tissues. Catabolism Catabolism is the metabolic procedure functions opposite to the anabolic procedures. In this process, larger molecules are broken down through a number of processes to obtain smaller unit. In contrast to anabolic reactions, the smaller unit produced in the processes are oxidized to produce energy or used up in other anabolic processes. This procedure mainly provides energy to body[2]. Metabolism Metabolism is a group of chemical transformation related reactions in the living organisms cells. The metabolic reaction helps organisms to undergo growth and reproductive procedures in response to the external and internal environment. Metabolism is divided in two types of procedures including catabolism and anabolism[3]. Role of Energy in Body Energy is the key of individuals daily living. A living organism needs energy at every moment of life, from movement to metabolism and nutrition. The MRS GREN is the basic body functions of the living organism, all of which needs energy. Movement is essential for animals to collect food and transport for sake of survival. Energy is produced from burning carbohydrate or fat stored in muscles, making individual t move. Respiration is the process of conversion of energy from the carbohydrates and fats and the energy produced by this method is used up by cells. Sensitivity is another process of responding to the external stimuli, it is also done by energy, as it is required to send signals from brain to muscle to function against stimuli[4]. Growth is essential for survival, which is powered by usage of energy, construction of building blocks of body needs hydrolysis of ATP (energy) to proceed with growth reactions. The next step of growth is reproduction, which also needs huge amount of energy, the HPG system and the oxidizable metabolic fuels power mechanisms related to control of sex behavior. Like the above methods, the excretion and nutrition are also entirely dependent upon energy consumption. Each step of these procedures needs energy[5]. Production of energy in Mitochondria Mitochondrion is the cell organelle resides in all eukaryotic cells and it is responsible for performing aerobic respiration, through which ATP from the nutrients is generated by the use of oxygen. The energy is generated through three critical process constituting glycolysis, krebs cycle and electron transport chain (ETC). krebs cycle enzymes and ETC components resides in mitochondria. Through glycolysis, glucose is spit into pyruate while generating ATP and NADH. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, which provides ATP, FADH2 and NADH through Krebs cycle. NADH and FADH2 carries electron to ETC and through the proton pumping proteins in the inner membrane protons are pumps out to the inter-membrane space creating a gradiant. This gradiant serves for ATP synthesis by the inner-matrix protein ATP-synthase[6]. 2: Interaction within Body systems Role of Cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system is one of the most important systems in pumping blood through the vessels for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells. During the period of inhalation, air enters lung and oxygen is absorbed through the lung membrane into the bloodstream. The oxygen-rich blood is pumped through heart and blood vessels and capillaries. These capillaries linked to each cell provide oxygen to cell and collect carbon dioxide produced by cells and bring it back to lung. Another critical function is to supply nutrients to cell. After ingestion of food, the digested food migrates to intestine from where it is absorbed in bloodstream. Additionally, glucose is absorbed from liver and blood transports nutrients and glucose to each cell through the similar process and removes waste materials from cells[7]. Role of Respiratory system Gas exchange is the most important function of respiratory system. The oxygen inhaled through nose reaches to alveoli of lung, the alveoli of lung and blood capillaries are very close to contact and oxygen can quickly diffuse through the wall of alveoli to the blood capillaries, similarly carbon dioxide diffuses from capillary to alveoli. After entering into blood stream oxygen is captured by RBCs and then oxygenated blood goes to left part of lung and from where it is pumped through the rest of the body and oxygen-deficient, carbon-dioxide rich blood goes to right side of lung[8]. Role of Digestive system The major role of digestive system is to digest the consumed food and assimilation of the nutrients from the digested foods to produce energy for regular activity. The digestive system starts from the mouth and ends to the beginning of excretion system. The organs in the digestive tract contain glucose and it is the smallest sugar unit, which is obtained through the hydrolysis of larger molecules by the digestive enzymes in digestive system. In small intestine, glucose is being absorbed and carried to liver through bloodstream and stored for providing energy in future[9]. Transfer of glucose and oxygen to mitochondria Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + carbon dioxide + water H12C6O6 + 6O2 = 36 ATP +6 CO2 +6 H2O In the above equation, from glucose and oxygen, energy, carbon dioxide and water is produced and the process is known as respiration. This is the process of aerobic respiration; glucose is obtained through the digestion of consumed food. Glucose undergoes glycolysis in cell cytoplasm and produces pyruvate[10]. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by PDC complex and transported to mitochondria through transporter and enters into krebs cycle. On the other hand oxygen is diffused through the mitochondrial membrane pores and serves as an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. The equation of respiration is depicting the way how body gains energy. The glucose obtained from glucose breakdown and oxygen obtained from breathing are used by body to produce energy. The by-products of the reaction include carbon dioxide and water, which are exhaled[11]. 3: Homeostatic Responses to Changes in Internal Environment During Exercise Definition of Homeostatic and internal environment Homeostasis is a property of a system where variable of the system are regulated for maintaining the internal environment in stable condition. Human body is a complex organism including different variables which are functioning to keep a well-established balance in the system. In this context, the internal environment is referred to the condition prevailing within organisms body and especially with respect to the composition of tissue fluids. There is a significant relation with homeostasis and internal environment of human body[12]. Negative feedback as regulatory mechanism The negative feedback is the reaction causing decrease in function. The biological system of human body sometimes provides negative feedback to some stimulus. Sometimes, output of the system is lessened. One example can be the human body temperature. The temperature fluctuations sometimes promote human hypothalamus to respond according to it. In temperature drop, body attempts to shivers to bring up temperature, in contrast body sweats to cool down for evaporation[13]. Heart rate- The heart rate is being controlled by two systems, the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. The sysmpathetic nervous system works during fear, sress or working of muscles.It enhances the heartbeat and rate. The aim is to manage good environment in internal organs to keep the heart rate good. The internal receptors drive message to brain and it drives the response to the cardiac centre through the nerve impulses. Through this action, nerve slows down heart rate and BP is decreased to normal rate. During fear or stress condition, adrenaline is released and it promotes heart rate to be faster through the boost up of sympathetic nervous systems effect. Thus, while increasing heartbeat, it also starts to beat fast, like during the excess production of carbon dioxide, breathing rate enhances to get breathing back to normal homeostatic level. Breathing rate- Breathing rate is also being regulated to keep the normal homeostatic balance. Breathing leads to the coordination of three complex interactions including respiratory control, sensory system and effector system. The respiratory control centre located ate human brain stem controls the breathing rate during day and night. The control centre endlessly monitors the oxygen and carbon dioxide level in the blood stream for adjusting the breathing rate for maintaining balance and body homeostasis. Mostly, the breathing rate is managed by medulla. The system is flexible[14]. The action potential of breathing causes the contraction of muscle of diaphragm along with the intercostals muscle. Medulla is able to detect small change in pH and determine the amount of CO2 in blood. At low pH, respiratory centre is stirred and it enhances rate of breathing, in contrast high pH make breathing slower for decrease in stimulation of nervous system[15]. Body temperature- The thermo-receptors in human skin are able to indicate the changes happening within the environmental temperatures. After detecting the changes, the autonomic nervous system sends signal to the hypothalamus. Then the hypothalamus reviews the temperature of blood and sends the nerve impulse in the posterior hypothalamus, which is the heat gain centre. This nerve impulse then sent to the effector, which is skin. Then a number of mechanisms happen for conserving heat[16]. Vasoconstriction occurs when the shunt vessel widens to allow arterioles to become constrict, thereby reducing blood flow to capillary surface. Then blood flows through the insulating layer of adipose tissue, thereby preventing the dissipation of heat to environment[17]. Shivering occurs, which helps to generate metabolic heat. Sweating is reduced and respiration is enhanced, the pilli erector muscles are motivated to raise hairs, thereby trapping insulating layer of air. Blood glucose level- The regulation and homeostasis of blood glucose level is dependent upon different molecules, organs and cell types. The antagonistic pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon regulate the concentration of glucose. The glucose transporter receptors on alpha and beta cells detect glucose concentration in blood. The beta cell reacts against raised blood glucose level and secrete insulin hormone[18]. Insulin signals body tissue to intake glucose or converting glucose to lipid or glycogen as storage of energy. During low glucose level, alpha cells activates and secretes glucagon hormone for stimulating skeletal muscle and liver for breakdown of glycogen in glucose and stimulates liver to produce glucose by breaking down glucose. It also helps to stimulate glucose formation from glycerol. In this way these two hormones plays their role to take glucose level back to normal rate[19]. 4: Importance of Homeostatic in Maintaining Healthy Functioning of the Body Effect of long-term fluctuation of breathing rate, heart rate, glucose level The fluctuation of bodys normal functioning can lead to a number of health risk, sometimes, these are life threatening. The fluctuation of heart rate for longer time enhances the risk of low blood supply to the organs; it can also affect the breathing rate. It would result in tingling of extremities or trouble in concentrating.It can cause high blood pressure, blood clots as well as stroke[20]. It needs immediate medical care. It may also effect brain functioning. The long-term effect of glucose level fluctuation can lead to diabetes. These symptoms are mainly seen in diabetic patient. Sometimes, eating substances that are more sugary can raise the blood glucose level, or irregular regulation of glucagon and insulin can also lead to long-term fluctuation of blood glucose level[21]. Disease as a part of imbalance of homeostatic mechanism There are a number of diseases, which are caused by the imbalance of homeostasis. In the case of lung diseases, cleft palate, rhinitis, tonsillitis, Heimlich maneuver can be caused due to imbalance of homeostasis. Smoking hampers the ciliary activity and destroys cilia, thus preventing mucus accumulation[22]. On the other hand, heart blockage, stroke, high blood pressure etc can cause due to imbalance of homeostasis of heart function. Additionally, diabetes is entirely due to the imbalance of secretion of glucagon and insulin, which are the major effectors of the homeostasis mechanism of blood glucose level[23]. Reference List Bayeva M, Novel Regulators Of Mitochondrial And Cellular Iron Homeostasis (2012) Domec J and Johnson D, "Does Homeostasis Or Disturbance Of Homeostasis In Minimum Leaf Water Potential Explain The Isohydric Versus Anisohydric Behavior Of Vitis Vinifera L. Cultivars?" (2012) 32 Tree Physiology Geissler C and Powers H, Human Nutrition (Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier 2012) Hagman D and Kratz M, Macrophage Infiltration Of Human Adipose Tissue And Its Association With Systemic Inflammation, Obesity, And Metabolic Disease (2012) Hill R, Wyse G and Anderson M, Animal Physiology (Sinauer Associates, Inc Publishers 2012) Kenney W and others, Physiology Of Sport And Exercise (Human Kinetics 2012) Kovacs W and Ojeda S, Textbook Of Endocrine Physiology (Oxford University Press 2012) Kovacs W and Ojeda S, Textbook Of Endocrine Physiology (Oxford University Press 2012) Marieb E, Essentials Of Human Anatomy Physiology (Benjamin Cummings 2012) Munis J, Just Enough Physiology (Oxford University Press 2012) Powers S and Howley E, Exercise Physiology (McGraw-Hill 2012) Pray L, Pillsbury L and Tomayko E, The Human Microbiome, Diet, And Health Raith M and others, "Effects Of Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor On Surfactant, Plasma, And Liver Phospholipid Homeostasis In Hyperoxic Neonatal Rats" (2012) 112 Journal of Applied Physiology Sherwood L, Essentials Of Physiology (Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning 2012) Shier D, Butler J and Lewis R, Hole's Essentials Of Human Anatomy Physiology (McGraw-Hill 2012) Silbernagl S and others, Color Atlas Of Physiology (Springer 2012) Simpson S and Raubenheimer D, The Nature Of Nutrition (Princeton University Press 2012) Slominski A, Sensing The Environment (Springer 2012) Spasojevic I and Spasojevic I, "Integrative Concept Of Homeostasis: Translating Physiology Into Medicine" [2012] Nature Precedings Sprague I, Cells And Human Health (Springer 2012) Thibodeau G, Patton K and Anthony C, Structure Function Of The Body (Elsevier/Mosby 2012) Tortora G and Derrickson B, Principles Of Anatomy Physiology (Wiley 2012) [1] Bayeva M, Novel Regulators Of Mitochondrial And Cellular Iron Homeostasis (2012) [2] Domec J and Johnson D, "Does Homeostasis Or Disturbance Of Homeostasis In Minimum Leaf Water Potential Explain The Isohydric Versus Anisohydric Behavior Of Vitis Vinifera L. Cultivars?" (2012) 32 Tree Physiology [3] Geissler C and Powers H, Human Nutrition (Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier 2012) [4] Hagman D and Kratz M, Macrophage Infiltration Of Human Adipose Tissue And Its Association With Systemic Inflammation, Obesity, And Metabolic Disease (2012) [5] Hill R, Wyse G and Anderson M, Animal Physiology (Sinauer Associates, Inc Publishers 2012) [6] Kenney W and others, Physiology Of Sport And Exercise (Human Kinetics 2012) [7] Kovacs W and Ojeda S, Textbook Of Endocrine Physiology (Oxford University Press 2012) [8] Kovacs W and Ojeda S, Textbook Of Endocrine Physiology (Oxford University Press 2012) [9] Marieb E, Essentials Of Human Anatomy Physiology (Benjamin Cummings 2012) [10] Munis J, Just Enough Physiology (Oxford University Press 2012) [11] Powers S and Howley E, Exercise Physiology (McGraw-Hill 2012) [12] Pray L, Pillsbury L and Tomayko E, The Human Microbiome, Diet, And Health [13] Raith M and others, "Effects Of Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor On Surfactant, Plasma, And Liver Phospholipid Homeostasis In Hyperoxic Neonatal Rats" (2012) 112 Journal of Applied Physiology [14] Tortora G and Derrickson B, Introduction To The Human Body (John Wiley Sons 2012) [15] Sherwood L, Essentials Of Physiology (Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning 2012) [16] Tortora G and Derrickson B, Principles Of Anatomy Physiology (Wiley 2012) [17] Shier D, Butler J and Lewis R, Hole's Essentials Of Human Anatomy Physiology (McGraw-Hill 2012) [18] Thibodeau G, Patton K and Anthony C, Structure Function Of The Body (Elsevier/Mosby 2012) [19] Silbernagl S and others, Color Atlas Of Physiology (Springer 2012) [20] Slominski A, Sensing The Environment (Springer 2012) [21] Simpson S and Raubenheimer D, The Nature Of Nutrition (Princeton University Press 2012) [22] Spasojevic I and Spasojevic I, "Integrative Concept Of Homeostasis: Translating Physiology Into Medicine" [2012] Nature Precedings [23] Sprague I, Cells And Human Health (Springer 2012)